Onde a qualidade das peças forjadas de grande porte se reflete principalmente?

2024-08-14 15:25:22

A grande maioria dos forjados grandes são componentes críticos em máquinas e equipamentos, com requisitos de qualidade particularmente rigorosos. Devido ao seu grande volume e tamanho, eles são frequentemente forjados diretamente de lingotes de aço, resultando em processos de produção complexos e vários fatores que afetam a qualidade dos forjados grandes e são difíceis de controlar. Portanto, defeitos e resíduos são propensos a ocorrer, causando perdas econômicas significativas.

Os defeitos de grandes forjados estão intimamente relacionados à qualidade metalúrgica dos lingotes de aço e ao processo de produção. Em termos gerais, lingotes de aço de alta qualidade são a base para a produção de grandes forjados de alta qualidade. A tecnologia avançada e razoável de forjamento a quente é uma garantia importante para a fabricação de grandes forjados de alta qualidade.

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The quality of large forjamentos is mainly reflected in their superior metallurgical quality; Uniform and dense organizational structure; Qualified mechanical properties; Good dimensional accuracy and minimal defects. To improve the quality of large forjamentos, the first step is to enhance the purity of the molten steel. For example, if refining is carried out outside the furnace, it can effectively remove gases, non-metallic inclusions, and harmful trace elements from the steel, adjust the chemical composition and copper extraction temperature, and then clean and pour to maintain the purity of the steel. Secondly, it is necessary to choose a reasonable ingot shape, control the crystallization conditions, and obtain the ideal crystal structure, thereby greatly improving the quality of forjamento raw materials.

Next, it is necessary to heat reasonably, which can not only improve the plasticity of the process and facilitate forming, but also prevent defects such as cracks, coarse grains, overheating, and underheating. Large scale forjamento is not only about forming and obtaining the required shape and size, but more importantly, it involves crushing the coarse grains in the cast state, compacting the shrinkage structure, obtaining a reasonable fiber distribution, improving mechanical properties, and correctly controlling the cooling and heat treatment of the forjamento. This can refine the grain size, improve the structure, relieve stress, prevent white spots, adjust performance, and meet the requirements of strengthening and toughening.

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Considering the multiple production processes and long cycles of large forjamentos, as well as the high consumption of raw materials, energy, and labor, the production cost is high. Therefore, improving the qualification rate of large forjamentos, detecting defects in a timely manner, identifying the causes, and taking measures to prevent and rescue them have become very important links in the forjamento process of large forjamentos.